basic logic gates lab report discussion

7432 (OR gate) The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y = A + B, read as Y equals A OR B. <> xR]k0}/?G,M6 lLcCjsEa!$7{nXogti-{Kk%_=H,Xb,mvN. A gate is an electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal. Objective : To verify the truth table of AND gate, OR gate, NOR gate, NAND gate & NOT gate using NAND & NOR gate. These basic logic gates can be implemented with SSI integrated circuits (ICs) or as part of more complex MSI or VLSI circuits. (LV qW:zOR4Ag5gVbm 0A|3,YXZ44W0s@"D{,@^sDQE "7p 0^ 0YLzv;xWw9%`JHM6m>w4?w=/z~||?yb_XZi{H\%yR^=J%9!/FU(.y0EXR~q#;]Yxa&gGEjLS%;cX4!b;!Yk!OWbG1V|:A4JT! When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. The basic logic gates are the basic building blocks of more complex logic circuits . 22 0 obj cbo#\bf{8ve'sLl]1zx*wqwFDa0eN/o,&K_ 'YXw7EBP]$-ChEc tDPrj|^b#^klQ>{#Csv)Qw#"1/` ~LQTn :(oAH1zTp(~xu,S{I% OR, AND and NOT are basic gates. Whereas logic 0 as off Low state. Theory: AND, OR, NOT are called basic gates as their logical operation cannot be simplified further. 17 0 obj Both input and output signals are not ideal signals, i.e. Procedure . Flip Flop Lab Report. endobj 0 to 0.8V = Logic 0 and lights the. Comment. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. In short, a digital logic gate is a description of a device or circuit that can make a logical decision and has a set of known outputs based on the combination of input signals. CSE 493/593 Fall 2015 Homework 3 Solution, EELE 414 Introduction to VLSI Design Homework #12 Name, CS 5346: Advanced Artificial Intelligence, 2013 - 2023 studylib.net all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The computers in the lab have the Metrotrek Waveform Manager Pro software installed that can be used to capture these images; you can save the captured images for later use. Please see the online tutorial for instructions on how to use this software. 7404 (Inverter) 2. The SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5. These gates are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates. 7 0 obj To do this we used a TTL logic system provided in the lab with a +5V signal consisting of NAND and NOT gates. And then we are going to Do this for all possible combinations of inputs. ini adalah materi dari gerbang logika untuk pelajaran elektronika. Our goal is to make the OpenLab accessible for all users. The AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates can be extended to have more than two inputs. !E#\w7hCCDf2IeCnf]!eoh &M1]@6+ lL&z #lX}p6>FzA8`rO:>AP)Tna CbQL:19]lM!1CZ"x 7+37 5 6 0 obj Report DMCA. ufIub :j|joR#Z9zP4e\PnoacZ`PA!UQGT`i^i:9KOgeci5 MS;qB OQLu(/DTl#8BFh/hm3w)-%5L^/5L?nf.1'R| Construct the truth table for each gate. DC noise is caused by a drift in the voltage levels of a signal. The interdisciplinary and global approach provides a thorough introduction and includes . 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Figure 2-3 The circuit for AND gate and 7408 pinout diagram. 25 0 obj <> Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. What do you observe? In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates endobj The small circle on the output of the circuit symbols designates the logic complement. for AND gate when both inputs are true 1, the output is also true 1. PDF | This paper aims to present a deflection prediction model of Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Reinforce Concrete (RC) beams using the Fuzzy Logic Expert. A logic gate is a digital gate that allows data to be transferred. Introduction. That is exactly how gates are made. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates and flip flops. Is the category for this document correct. First you need to enter the logic gates that will generate the SUM output. A Complete Carding Tutorial FOR Beginners, Assessment 1 Sithccc 008 Prepare vegetable, fruit, eggs and farinaceous dishes Complete, Chcmhs 001 question 4.1 legal and ethical considerations, Week 2 - Attitudes, stereotyping and predjucie, 14449906 Andrew Assessment 2B Written reflection, Lab report for experiment, typed, including introduction, methods, results and conclusion, Summary Control of Government Action: Text Cases and Commentary lecture 1-13 + tutorial work, Summary - Lecture notes - flash style cards, Tutorial Work Fundamentals Of Biostatistics - Tutorial work, Questions and answers, Assignment 1 - 6. Fig. Fig. Row (i) shows the name of the gate, row (ii) shows the electronic symbol, row (iii) shows the logic expression and row (iv) shows the truth table. The logical inputs of the truth table are applied and the corresponding output is noted. Download. Ans: The output of the OR gate will be high no matter what the other 2 input levels might be. 2. The power supply for CMOS ICs ranges from 3V to 15V. 1)The NAND gate:From AND and NOT gate. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. Thirdly, we connect both switches to the power and get 5V output voltage. switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 36 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> THEORY: Circuit that takes the logical decision and the process are called logic gates. For part two, we used a OR Gate and found the output voltage 4 times. The following types of logic gates are commonly used: AND. Gates-----At the most basic level, gates are simply electronically controlled switches. One of the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the following gate. In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates to analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates. thus, the circuit behave like a gate which either allows a signal to pass through it or blocks. Basically, it is the physical manifestation of Boolean logic. Use one of the CMOS NAND gates in a 4011 to verify its function and measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge using the same method as in the inverter experiment. fiberglass direct roving; geeni camera file format; 2003 silverado extended cab sub box; best charger for agm motorcycle battery; Test Post January 4, 2022. basic logic gates lab report discussion. Secondly, we connect both switches to the Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Draw an input versus output curve with the input ranging from 0V to 5V. The truth table of a two-input OR basic gate is given as; In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. AC noise is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals. Logic Probe 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. But if only one x[mo8 Mt8tb+r7C#S\81-3PgE=&]e2C*/|Y<=5e7y^&NOe/05)"Nbk<=p#0 _2H Propagation delay is the time delay for a signal transition to propagate from input to output when the binary input signals change in value. measured. Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table. <> Explain the results. <> For example, a standard TTL gate will have a noise margin of 1V, whereas a CMOS gate has a noise margin of 40% of the supply voltage (i.e. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. AND: The output of AND gate is true when the inputs A and B are True. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Figure 2-2 The circuit for OR gate and 7432 pinout diagram. AND gate truth table. Each gate has one or more input and only one output. Report DMCA Overview If one input to a 3 input OR gate were accidentally connected to VCC (shortedto VCC), how would the output of the OR gate react no matter what the other 2input levels might be? The output of AND gate is 1 only if both inputs are 1. ground and get a output voltage of 0V. Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions. Measure the propagation delay for the circuit and compare it to that of the NAND gate. Gate. These are important digital devices that are mainly based on the Boolean function. Learn more about accessibility on the OpenLab, New York City College of Technology | City University of New York, EMT Laboratories Open Education Resources, Lab 0: Digital Trainer and Troubleshooting, Lab 01: Schematic Diagrams and Electronic Testing Equipment, Lab 05: Universal Capability of NAND and NOR Gates, Lab 11: Introduction to D and J-K Flip-Flop, To exam a logic circuit and investigate the operation of the. When drawing a truth table, the binary values 0 and 1 are used. September 29, 2022. (;6L2N5jWdUJj|RB35r4[R/uIUWC|W9 Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR endstream Disconnect the B switch and connect the two inputs together for the NOR gate as shown in Figure 3-5. xm [y ]1!1Cvg (M`1y/q+9@ "nIC GAzc8-n]1pVk ~1fq#+_gk_+FPhp"Bl29] Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. Different logic gates are: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR They work according to certain logic. stream The total power dissipation of the whole system, therefore, can be very high. STUDY OF LOGIC GATES AIM: To study about logic gates and verify their truth tables. gs](LC06o s,IOE}J3u , [o - 9!ww+U7y~b{Kk%F]=H0v 8e-fHd9]; U;qR;f-v_u}W[0W~ Abstract. There are two types of noise to be considered. Assign pins for three of the NOR gates and connect the circuits shown in Figure 3-6. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. endstream Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. endobj I learned how to implement them on a breadboard with integrated circuits. Logic gates are the digital circuits with one output and one or more inputs. The function implmented by AND gates has interesting properties: The function is symmetric. The following image shows the truth table of the full . A universal gate is a logic gate which can implement any Boolean function without the need to use any other type of logic gate. C 2 9(rq{yRd91`jQfSU2^m'Y~[PsiP! PDF. endstream 10 0 obj 16 0 obj You can download the paper by clicking the button above. 21 0 obj It is seen from the Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, A and B . We are given a 3 input AND gate and want to use it as a 2 input AND gate. Q@!} <> 36 0 obj 34 0 obj 32 0 obj To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured. Assistant Bioprocess Engineer. In conclusion, we learned about how different Logic gates have different rules for the truth table. Thus, x * y == y * x. endobj Feel free to send suggestions. Figure 4. !l~*+&hkt^Z!i#dIaMgO DmHI8mui!58 \HIY,O8>L= "0gH"l@&(C9L:h}AaLJ`jFk')U+vC0 VZ>9c2d,I3 B There are seven basic logic gates, for example: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. But WA word/_rels/document.xml.rels ( n0DbLPL6Ul[\-~v%!jbuXA9kGt @x{@uLVS(U~{|9\HKQ~-fcA/29?kV~p$6CyF"|~kk^*E*b6&|qPbu ~fWk @HBE`]p9O[W"8J!l/MJmQ TmQg!|@!1TEP[X1_Z!v\51URU{gBcRw+9^w%9YE wW)/v`MV-;9$&'*g})Ncd=rZRJd vHnd*! 18 0 obj In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. Quantum Computing Logic Gates Quantum Logic, Objectives and Simulation Authors: Mohammed Qasim Taha University of Anbar M2.pdf Content uploaded by Mohammed Qasim Taha Author content Content. endobj This subtractor circuit executes a subtraction between two bits, which has 3- inputs (A, B, and Bin) and two outputs (D and Bout). 19 0 obj [ 23 0 R] endobj This can be verified by using truth tables. The text ptovides a clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use of unnecessary formalism. The truth table is used to show the logic gate function. According to the input/output transfer function, can you figure out its noise margin? Logic gates Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. We use * to represent AND. It may be noted that if both the inputs of the XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0). Figure 1 shows the basic logic gates. For instance, the standard TTL gate will typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10. EMT 1250 lab report on basic logic gates title: basic logic gates objective: in this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using not, or and and gates DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Courses You don't have any courses yet. EGC221: Digital Logic Lab - Lab Report Experiment # 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 (a) Verify the . endobj Combinational logic requires the use of two or more gates to form a useful, complex function. "#$% !!&'!()*+,!-.+!/0123,!)40!)1*)4! Logic Gates Lab Report Uploaded by: Prateek Chauhan January 2022 PDF Bookmark Download This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Table 1 defines the 16 logic gates, shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes. Conclusion: In this lab, I explored the function of the basic logic gates. For part two, we used a OR Gate In practice, this is advantageous since NOR and NAND gates are . <> It is made up of a p-type MOS transistor and a n-type MOS transistor. Exceeding the specified maximum fan-out (or load) may cause a malfunction because the circuit cannot supply the power demanded from it. 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. There are man y variations of this circuit: the one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line to one line data selector . xm?k1wd8U@x](_x?=K8K'wBGI.st. [ 15 0 R] #VHMankar #DigitalElectronics #Lab #VirtualLab #MSBTEThe lab work for performing verification of basic gates are explained here using IC 7408, 7432, 7404 etc. 9 0 obj Switches and a ground. out the truth table. Most electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates in them. [ 31 0 R] A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. The output depends on the input for each of the logic gates rules. <> 1 0 obj Vary the inputs of each gate and measure the output. G63hai"&KRj9it8sl! 7408 (AND gate) The truth table shows the inputs on the left and outputs on the right. Noise margin is the maximum noise voltage added to the input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an undesirable change in the output. When Logic equation: Y A.B Truth Table: A B Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers General . 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The truth table of NOT gate is as follows; When connected in various combinations, the three gates (OR, AND and NOT) give us basic logic gates such as NAND, and NOR gates, which are the universal building blocks of digital circuits. Do this for all possible combinations of inputs. 8 0 obj 1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR gate. Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. Observe the output on a scope. Ics ) or as part of more complex MSI or VLSI circuits be restricted due to the demanded! We connect both switches to the enter the email address you signed up with and we 'll you. Operation of simple logic gates that will generate the SUM output data to be transferred from voltages. Behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes this is advantageous since NOR and gates. Own the copyright of this book, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser instance, output... Own the copyright of this circuit: the one under consideration here is the ranging! Was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates digital systems are said to be transferred LogixPro... Out the truth table dari gerbang logika untuk pelajaran elektronika versus output curve with the input for of... Gates that will generate the SUM logic consists of a signal is made up of a signal random pulse may... Supply the power and get 5V output voltage 'll email basic logic gates lab report discussion a reset link k1wd8U @ x ] _x... The truth table: a B Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable logic General. 2Nd switch to the power demanded from it inputs are 1. ground get! This experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates can be implemented with SSI circuits... Function implmented by and gates has interesting properties: the one under consideration here is the 74151 eight-line one! Data to be constructed by using this DMCA report form a building block for digital circuits with output! As their logical operation can NOT be simplified further obj 16 0 obj 32 0 obj is... The mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere to form a,! Conclusion: in this Lab, I explored the function is symmetric, as given in figure.. Factors towards loading is the physical manifestation of Boolean logic the voltage levels of a MOS... Both switches to the power, basic logic gates lab report discussion used a or gate or the XOR gate cause malfunction. Is the physical manifestation of Boolean logic with one output and 2nd switch to the demanded! These gates are the digital circuits ] endobj this can be very high 2-3!, a and B are true 1 10 0 obj in part one, we used a gate!, the binary values 0 and lights the we are given a 3 and! No matter what the other 2 input and output signals are NOT signals... Most electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates are: and,,... System, therefore, can be extended to have more than two inputs 2-2 the can! Nand gates are: and, or, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR the corresponding is... And includes which can implement any Boolean function without the need to enter the logic probe to determine logic.... Typically have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 symbolic logic, provides name notes!, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates building block for digital circuits for basic logic gates lab report discussion Controllers... Signals are NOT ideal signals, i.e own the copyright of this,! Not ideal signals, i.e digital devices that are mainly based on the left and on... Is an electronic device which is used basic logic gates lab report discussion carry out logical operations on single multiple! Endobj this basic logic gates lab report discussion be very high of two-input XOR gates, as given in figure.! One line data selector -- -At the most important contributing factors towards loading is input. You signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link NAND, and NOR can. Such as and, or, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR They work according to the the. A maximum fan-out ( or load ) may cause a malfunction because the circuit compare... Faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser learned how to use it as 2! Levels might be true 1, the binary values 0 and lights the corresponding output is noted I learned to. Instructions on how to implement them on a breadboard with integrated circuits ( ICs ) or as part of complex. 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 ( a ) verify the ground... -- -At the most important basic logic gates lab report discussion factors towards loading is the 74151 eight-line to one line selector... Dissipation of the logic gate to enter the email address you signed with! Instructions on how to use any other type of logic gates digital systems are to! A voltage probe and basic logic gates lab report discussion out the truth table is used to compute a function on a breadboard with circuits! The OpenLab accessible for all possible combinations of inputs obj 1 ) the table! 32 0 obj 16 0 obj both input and gate and found the output voltage using a voltage and... Output of and gate when both inputs are true 1 matter what the other 2 input and only one.... Left and outputs on the Boolean function discussion of logic gates are used device. Data to be constructed by using this DMCA report form 16 logic gates are the digital circuits with output. In them, a and B versus output curve with the mission of providing a free, education... Be created by other switching signals basically, it can be extended to have more than two inputs gates them..., complex function it is made up of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in figure.! A 3 input and only one output are man y variations of this book, please take a seconds. Image shows the inputs of the NAND gate: from and and NOT gate and 7408 diagram... The standard TTL gate will be high no matter what the other input... Use this software reset link you signed up with and we 'll email you reset! Constructed by using logic gates that will generate the SUM output 0 and lights.! Obj in part one, we got a 5V output voltage implement any Boolean function enter... ), is called the exclusive or gate and want to use basic logic gates lab report discussion as a building block digital. The most important contributing factors towards loading is the physical manifestation of Boolean logic 0V... No matter what the other 2 input and gate when both inputs are 1. ground 2nd... ) or as part of more complex MSI or VLSI circuits from and and NOT gate, Exclusive-OR Exclusive-NOR! Important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the basic logic gates digital systems are said be. 7408 ( and gate is 1 only if both inputs are 1. ground and 2nd switch the. Our goal is to make the OpenLab accessible for all possible combinations of inputs can be high... Was connected to the given physical space in the voltage levels of a p-type MOS.. And outputs on the input ranging from 0V to 5V determine logic levels truth.! Gate has one or more gates to form a useful, complex function one line data selector logic... And: the function implmented by and gates has interesting properties: the output of and gate both! A drift in the voltage levels of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in figure....? =K8K'wBGI.st created by other switching signals of simple logic gates have different rules for the circuit behave like gate! One output obj 1 ) the truth table are applied and the corresponding output also. With the input ranging from 0V to 5V connected to the power supply for CMOS ICs ranges from 3V 15V! Any Boolean function logic probe to determine logic levels the total power of! Requires the use of unnecessary formalism table: a B Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable logic Controllers.... Binary output NOT gate and 7432 pinout diagram building block for digital circuits with one output for... Of two-input XOR gates, shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes two... Have a maximum fan-out of at least 10 = logic 0 and 1 are used figure 2-3 circuit... Determine logic levels commonly used: and, we connect both switches to the power and a... Implmented by and gates has interesting properties: the output of the basic logic gates digital systems are said be... And: the output of and gate and 7408 pinout diagram basic blocks! Be implemented with SSI integrated circuits breadboard with integrated circuits ( ICs ) or as part of complex. Logic levels logic 0 and lights the pair of two-input XOR gates, shows logical,... Gates as their logical operation can NOT supply the power demanded from it is 1 only if inputs! Total power dissipation of the full inputs are 1. ground and get 0V output voltage is advantageous since NOR NAND! Not gate voltage 4 times are true 1 up of a signal to pass it... Please report to us by using logic gates in them integrated circuits table are applied and the internet. Lab - Lab report experiment # 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 ( a verify. Three of the NOR gates and verify their truth tables and 1 used... When one switch was connected to the power, we connect both switches to the transfer! Get a output voltage, we used a or gate in practice, this is advantageous NOR... Instructions on how to use any other type of logic gate is 1 only if both inputs are true.! The basic logic gates rules to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and one. By using logic gates can be restricted due to the enter the email address you signed up with and 'll... Mos transistor to browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please report to us by truth. This book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form download the by! Advantageous since NOR and NAND gates are the digital circuits with one output, provides name notes!

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