Gen. Doniphan's Recollections of the Troubles of that Early Time. "Autobiographical Remarks by Ebenezer Robinson (18321843)". The Battle of Crooked River was a skirmish between Latter Day Saint (Mormon) forces and Missouri state militia unit from southeast of Elmira, Missouri in Ray County under the command of Samuel Bogart. "[35] The crowd dispersed, and the Mormons returned to their homes. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. [48], The besieged town resorted to butchering whatever loose livestock wandered into town in order to avoid starvation while waiting for the militia or the Governor to come to their aid. They believed that the Native Americans were descendants of Israelites and proselytized among them extensively. In 1834, Mormons attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[14]. [105] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[106]. [83] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. [20], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[11] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to the Missourian settlements of Gallatin, Millport and Grindstone Fork. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. EMELLE . They asked if the rumor was true, and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City, Missouri. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. Despite the inferior numbers of the Mormons, the Missourians scattered before them, causing both sides to think many of the Missourians had been killed. The Settlement of The Peculiar People in Jackson County. This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the 1838 Mormon War article. By the end of 1838, blood was shed, and Governor Lilburn Boggs ordered that Mormons were to be "exterminated or driven from the . which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. In this major new interpretation of those events, LeSueur argues that while a number of prejudices and fears stimulated the . "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. Eventually, the large portion of the Mormons regrouped and founded a new city in Illinois which they called Nauvoo. The third major and perhaps most significant conflict of the 1838 Missouri Mormon War occurred near this location along Crooked River on October 25, 1838. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. A militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. While Mormon women and children scattered and hid in the surrounding woods and nearby homes, Mormon men and boys rallied to defend the settlement. He's still alive, ain't he?"[121]. "Porter Rockwell". "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the state militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. [95], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. [74], None of the Missourians were ever prosecuted for their role in the Haun's Mill Massacre. Mormon dissenters from Daviess County who had fled to Livingston County reportedly told Livingston County militia under Colonel Thomas Jennings that Mormons were gathering at Haun's Mill to raid into Livingston County. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. This literature review will focus on the time period from 1838 to 1839, during which the Mormon War took place. [66] On October 24, they swore out affidavits concerning the burning and looting in Daviess County. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. Several children also became ill during the ordeal and died later. This triggered a brawl between the bystanders. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. They moved into a blacksmith shop, which they hoped to use as a makeshift defensive fortification. [99], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. The Mormons believedafter a revelation recorded on June 6, 1831that if they were righteous they would inherit the land held by others ("which is now the land of your enemies") in Missouri. [56], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. [57] The plundered goods were deposited in the Bishop's storehouse at Diahman. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. 10 Most Important Things You Can Say to a Mormon (The) 10 Questions & Answers on Mormonism [pamphlet] 41 Unique Teachings of the LDS Church; 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (The) 3,913 Changes in the Book of Mormon; A. Adam is God? Finally, the Mormons who had taken up arms were to leave the state. (youtube). Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. "[86][88], Joseph Smith Jr. and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. [109][110] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[13]. Even people who otherwise would have had no sympathy for the Mormons were appalled by Boggs's Executive Order and the treatment of the Mormons by the mobs. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. [74], While the State Militia gathered, Missouri unorganized Militia continued to act on their own, driving Mormons inward to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman. [63] (affidavit). [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. [67][68], Fearing attack, many citizens of Ray County moved their wives and children across the Missouri River for safety. [111] One resolution passed by the Quincy town council read: Resolved: That the gov of Missouri, in refusing protection to this class of people when pressed upon by an heartless mob, and turning upon them a band of unprincipled Militia, with orders encouraging their extermination, has brought a lasting disgrace upon the state over which he presides.[112]. [83] The mob gave no quarter. LDS Living. [89], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. [57], Thomas B. Marsh, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the church, and fellow Apostle Orson Hyde were alarmed by the events of the Daviess County expedition. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. Thomas McBride surrendered his rifle to Jacob Rogers, who shot McBride with his own gun. [53][55] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. At issue were not only religious differences, but also . Stripped of their property, the Mormons were then given a few months to leave the state. Early Mormons and Mass Poisoning. Much of the literature about the Danites is sensationalist fiction, such . [65] The conflict was preceded by the eviction of the Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri, in 1833. On October 19, 1838, the day after Gallatin was burned, Thomas B. Marsh and fellow apostle Orson Hyde left the association of the Church. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. Phelps testified that throughout the summer and fall he received assurances from the citizens of Ray and Clay counties that no mobs were being raised against the Saints in that quarter.66 William Swartzell, a Mormon resident of Diahman, recorded that the Mormons were the only ones talking about mobs at this timehe had heard nothing from the . Exaggerated initial reports indicated that nearly all of Bogart's company had been killed. [26][28][29], On July 4, Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions". [95], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith, Jr. and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. John C. Bennett, a disaffected Mormon, reported that Smith had offered a cash reward to anyone who would assassinate Boggs, and that Smith had admitted to him that Rockwell had done the deed. [102] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. In addition, LeSueur views the conflict as an expression of attitudes and beliefs that have fostered a vigilante tradition in the United States. The church . He surmised that the perpetrator had fired upon Boggs and lost his firearm in the night when the weapon recoiled due to its unusually large shot. My brigade shall march for Liberty to-morrow morning, at 8 o'clock, and if you execute those men, I will hold you responsible before an earthly tribunal, so help me God! Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. [61], Many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences. [55] The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. Joseph Smith and the other arrested leaders were held overnight under guard in General Lucas' camp, where they were left exposed to the elements. Install. Hinkle and other Mormon leaders informed the men that they would fight. On the Mormon side, Gideon Carter was killed in the battle and nine other Mormons were wounded, including Patten, who soon after died from his wounds. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. [57] Millport, which at time was the largest city in the county and the center for trade, never recovered from the Mormon burnings, and became a ghost town. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Although he had refrained from stopping the illegal anti-Mormon siege of De Witt, he now mustered 2,500 State Militia to put down the Mormon insurrection against the state. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[12] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. 11. [1], With the refusal of the Governor or Legislature to intervene, and having surrendered the bulk of their firearms, Mormons were left nearly defenseless to face the mob. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. After most of the defenders in the blacksmith shop had been killed or mortally wounded, some of the Missourians entered to finish the work. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter. Above is a depiction of the Haun's Mill Massacre, where a mob killed seventeen men, women, and children. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. [86], Colonel Hinkle rode to the church leaders in Far West and informed them of the offered terms. A number of Missourians left the scene to obtain guns and ammunition and swore that they would "kill all the Saints they could find, or drive them out of Daviess County, sparing neither men, women or children. One contemporary critic of the Mormons wrote: Mormonism is a monstrous evil; and the only place where it ever did or ever could shine, this side of the world of despair, is by the side of the Missouri mob. Overwhelmingly, these claims are contradicted by the majority of both Missourian and Latter Day Saint testimony (which implicate the Mormons in the burnings) and also by the evidence of the looted property found in the possession of Latter Day Saints. Download Grand Mafia Crime City Battle apk 1.0.3 for Android. 137 relations. Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River On the first night of the march out of Carroll County, two Mormon women died. [108] Mormon residents were harassed and attacked by angry residents who were no longer restrained by militia officers. I will not obey your order. Unfortunately, the shop had large gaps between the logs which the Missourians shot into and, as one Mormon later recalled, it became more "slaughter-house rather than a shelter". In mid-September 1838, Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County , Missouri. The Mormons were evicted from Jackson County in 1833 and resettled in new counties nearby, where tensions grew again and attempts to evict them resumed. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. Published July 23, 2017. Mormon was the name of a prophet from that record who edited religious writings of people who originally came from Jerusalem at about 600 B.C. Other Mormons, fearing similar retribution by the Missourians, gathered into Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection.[56]. [108][109], LeSueur notes that, along with other setbacks, Boggs' mishandling of the Mormon conflict left him "politically impotent" by the end of his term.[110]. [74] One 19th century Missouri historian noted: "The Daviess County men were very bitter against the Mormons, and vowed the direst vengeance on the entire sect. The Mormon War is a name that is sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter-day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. [13], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. [16] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. While Mormons were viewed as deluded or worse, many Missourians agreed with the sentiment expressed in the Southern Advocate: By what color of propriety a portion of the people of the State, can organize themselves into a body, independent of the civil power, and contravene the general laws of the land by preventing the free enjoyment of the right of citizenship to another portion of the people, we are at a loss to comprehend. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. W. W. Phelps (Mormon) / 40.777; -111.858 ( Salt Lake City Cemetery) William Wines Phelps (February 17, 1792 - March 7, 1872) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. According to an article in the Elders' Journal a Latter Day Saint newspaper published in Far West "The Saints here are at perfect peace with all the surrounding inhabitants, and persecution is not so much as once named among them"[18]. Most of these refugees settled in or near what would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois. [15] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri (which was at the time a, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 21:15. [13][102] The court of inquiry began November 12, 1838. I can tell whatever I want to. [120], Whatever the case, the following year Rockwell was arrested, tried, and acquitted of the attempted murder,[118] although most of Boggs' contemporaries remained convinced of his guilt. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. As a result of the war, nearly all Mormons in Missouri, estimated at more than ten thousand, were forced to leave the state. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. [12], At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others. It should also be noted that none of the participants in the raid ever cited the order as justification for their actions. [76], On October 29, this large vigilante band of some 250 men assembled and entered eastern Caldwell County. When his own troops threatened to join the attackers, Parks was forced to withdraw to Daviess County in hopes that the Governor would come to mediate. Austin A. The Militia broke ranks and fled across the river. In August-November 1838, Mormons and their "Gentile" Missourian neighbors clashed in the Mormon War of 1838. [117] Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion especially of the alleged failed assassination attempt by Orrin Porter Rockwell of the Mormon Danites. Major General Samuel D. Lucas marched the state militia to Far West and laid siege to the Mormon headquarters. One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. [48] [75], Meanwhile, exaggerated reports from the Battle of Crooked River made their way to Missouri's governor, Lilburn Boggs. The conflict expanded to involve state officials, including the governor, and resulted in the incarceration of Joseph Smith and the forced expulsion of the . [13], Mormon petitions and lawsuits failed to bring any satisfaction: the non-Mormons in Jackson refused to allow the Mormons to return and reimbursement for confiscated and damaged property was refused. [35] Reminding Daviess County residents of the growing electoral power of the Mormon community, Peniston made a speech in Gallatin claiming that if the Missourians "suffer such men as these [Mormons] to vote, you will soon lose your suffrage." "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. The soldiers shot down our oxen, cows, hogs and fowls, at our own doors, taking part away and leaving the rest to rot in the streets. [1][45], Some isolated Mormons in outlying areas also came under attack. "If found, they will be shot down like dogs," warned Hyrum. Reynolds determined the man in question was Porter Rockwell, a close associate of Joseph Smith. The men under the command of Lucas were then allowed to ransack the city to search for weapons. Following some players' questions about this new gameplay, we have prepared this Q&A for you. In October 1833, anti-Mormon mobs drove the Mormons from Jackson County.[11]. They believed that the Indians were descendants of Israelites, and proselytized among them extensively. The order was part of the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. Initial reaction by Missourians was mixed. [1] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. With peace restored, Smith's group returned to Caldwell County. [88] Smith and the other leaders rode with Hinkle back to the Missouri militia encampment. In his famous Salt Sermon, Sidney Rigdon announced that the dissenters were as salt that had lost its savor and that it was the duty of the faithful to cast the dissenters out to be trodden beneath the feet of men. In an effort to keep the peace, Alexander William Doniphan of Clay County pushed a law through the Missouri legislature that created Caldwell County, Missouri specifically for Mormon settlement in 1836. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri came from areas which were sympathetic to abolitionism. Both sides had vigilante groups who plundered and destroyed property. 17 church members 15 men and two boys were killed by 240 militiamen/vigilantes at Haun's Mill in Caldwell County. [39], In the spring of 1838, Henry Root, a non-Mormon who was a major land-owner in Carroll County, visited Far West and sold his plots in the mostly vacant town of De Witt to church leaders. [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." And fled across the river taken up arms were to leave the state of members from Kirtland and elsewhere into. 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