This chapter provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community. Magistrates: Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of practitioners from minority ethnic groups has increased, leading to a decrease in the proportion of White practitioners, by 2.4 pp mainly driven by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.3 pp) and Black (0.8) ethnic groups[footnote 98]. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion eligible for FSM increased across all ethnic groups. These research outputs are not official statistics on the population. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants[footnote 38] in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on indictable offence data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication. Of these, 79% were White, 12% Black, 4% Asian, 4% Mixed ethnicity, and 1% Chinese or Other ethnicities. The overall ethnicity trends for stop and searches tend to be influenced by stop and searches conducted in London, due to Londons ethnic composition compared with the rest of England and Wales. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. . Educational attainment of all young offenders was lowest for the White ethnic group and highest for the Other ethnic group. The trend is the reverse for pre-charge advice at police stations, where 82% of Asian defendants received pre-charge advice compared to 74% of White defendants. Where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant this will be stated. The CSEW is a large nationally representative survey that asks people about their experience as a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. This is expected given the more diverse population of London. Asian prisoners, on average, served the smallest proportion of their original sentence, serving 58% of their determinate sentence in custody in 2020; a trend that has remained stable since 2016. Asian individuals had the highest proportion of fines given, at 23%, in comparison to White individuals (16%). The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). It examines offenders' characteristics as reported by . The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. Broadly, all ethnic groups had similar overall sentencing outcomes. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/ cautioned, a larger proportion of Black offenders (18%) had been permanently excluded, compared to White (14%), Asian (9%) and Other (9%) offenders[footnote 79]. This was followed by Black (3.5), Asian (3.3) and Other ethnic groups (3.2). Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. Whilst the reoffending rate for Black offenders was highest, White reoffenders had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.1 reoffences. In the 2020/21 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported more negative results across the survey. The most common sentencing outcome across all ethnic groups for sexual offences was immediate custody. , A SEN statement is a document which sets out a childs SEN and any additional help that the child should receive. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. over the 7 years covered, the percentage of White people who said they were victims of crime went down from 17% to 13%. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. Compared to ethnic minority groups, White clients had a higher proportion of representation at committals for sentence at 22%, whereas 15% of Asian and Black clients and 16% of Mixed were represented at committals. Single Parent Families are more common among African-Caribbean Families, which may be related to higher rates of crime In 2007 Almost half the black children in Britain were being raised by single parents. Fast Forward to the 21st century, and the criminological debate about race and crime now centred on the involvement of Black young people in street gangs. Figure 5.05: Percentages of sentencing outcomes for all ethnicities, 2020, England and Wales. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. Ethnicity facts and figures. Office for National Statistics (UK), Number of homicides in England and Wales from 2009/10 to 2020/21 ethnic appearance of victim . , Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Data provided by the Home Office listing offences recorded as homicide as of 15th December 2020. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. Arrests were the principal outcome in 12% of stop and searches, community resolutions in 7% and other outcomes in 6% . The following analysis cannot be used to make conclusions about the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described as the matched dataset is of offenders only[footnote 71]. The crime rate in the UK has dropped to its lowest level since the early 1990s, according to estimates. When conducting a stop and search, police record the reason for the stop and search as well as the ethnicity of the person searched[footnote 25]. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16; please see A Technical Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System, 2020 for further details. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups, how outcomes vary between groups and how this has changed over time. These proportions have remained stable across the past 5 years. , The decrease in numbers of sentences in 2020 is mainly a result of court closures due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. The lower ACSL for White defendants may be a result of a higher percentage of guilty plea rates for this ethnic group, resulting in shorter custodial sentences. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Sociologists consider both why this might be and also . The Gangs Debate. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. In 2020/21, two thirds (66%) of children arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 20% of children arrested in the rest of England and Wales. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The guilty plea rate (GPR) of defendants who were committed for trial at Crown Court increased across all ethnic groups from 2018-2020. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. Ethnicity 9 2.2 Arrests 9 2.3 Transferred or cancelled records 12 Outcomes 12 2.4 Trends over time 13 2.5 Police Force Areas (PFA) 15 2.6 London 17 Will McMahon and Rebecca Robert Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the text. In 2020, the custody rate was relatively stable across ethnic groups, between 24 and 26%. Women and the Criminal Justice System and Race and the Criminal Justice System; The Women and Race reports are compendium publications, each bringing together a wide range of statistics related to the criminal justice system, broken down by sex and by ethnicity. The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 pp across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. The overall custody rate for drug offences has increased from 21% in 2016 to 25% in 2020. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. In comparison to all other ethnic groups, higher proportions of White prisoners reported more positive experiences, including feeling respected by staff, feeling safe from COVID and having enough cleaning facilities. Among minority ethnic groups, Black individuals were often the most over-represented. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. The latest trends are mostly reflective of the impact of the pandemic on court processes and prioritisation rather than a continuation of the longer-term series. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of children arrested in London from White ethnic groups has decreased from 38% to 34%, with corresponding marginal increases in arrests of children from across minority ethnic groups. Asian offenders had a longer ACSL for drug offences compared to all other ethnic groups, which ranged from 31.8 to 39.8 months. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. Black suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches for offensive weapons (including firearms) at 19%, compared to 10 to 15% for all other ethnic groups[footnote 26]. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). In 2020, 41% of drug offence prosecutions of Black defendants were for possession of a Class B drug (cannabis). The total number of arrests have gone down over the last five years, in line with the declining crime rates. Over the last 5 years, the rates of arrests following stop and searches for all ethnic groups continued to converge. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. . Convictions by offence group may be influenced by factors other than ethnicity. 735 754-19 947-212. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. This highlights that controlling for offence mix reduces the disparity between ethnic groups. * Production, supply, intent to supply (Class B). Include a detailed revisions policy within every release. 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