[98] After the Middle Ages, feminizing portrayals of Saint John continued to be made; a case in point is an etching by Jacques Bellange, shown to the right, described by art critic Richard Dorment as depicting "a softly androgynous creature with a corona of frizzy hair, small breasts like a teenage girl, and the round belly of a mature woman."[99]. The whole Old and New Testament Church is represented in the appearance of the city; but the work of the Apostles . He continued to work to spread the gospel for many years after Jesus's death. He is considered the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos and the Beloved Disciple. In particular, she is often identified as the wife of Zebedee, the mother of James and John, two of the Twelve apostles. Simeon Niger is a person in the Book of Acts in the New Testament. The author clearly positions the one whom Jesus loved as one of the most important disciples, perhaps having the closest relationship with Jesus. True. John was a martyr for his faith In medieval tradition Salome (as Mary Salome) was counted as one of the Three Marys who were daughters of Saint Anne, so making her the sister or half-sister of Mary, mother of Jesus. Along with James and Peter, John was one of Jesus closest confidants, so he appears in more biblical accounts than the other disciples. Eusebius of Caesarea argued that this person was John the Presbyter, an enigmatic figure who first appears in the writings of the first-century church father, Papias of Hierapolis. Peter was originally named Simon. After all, the tribe of Judah is not renamed as the tribe of John. [50][51][52][53] As The New Oxford Annotated Bible (2018) has put it, "Scholars generally agree that the Gospels were written forty to sixty years after the death of Jesus. "Authors, Books, and Readers in the Ancient World", "De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) Chapter 9 & 18", "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story", Eastern Orthodox icon and Synaxarion of Saint John the Apostle and Evangelist (May 8), Repose of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_the_Apostle&oldid=1133801177, Book, a serpent in a chalice, cauldron, eagle. He started out as a bit of an arrogant man, and was somewhat of a loose cannon, but as time went on and he walked with Jesus, he became more mellow. T/F. John: Travelled and spread the . For it is probable that it was the second, if one is not willing to admit that it was the first that saw the Revelation, which is ascribed by name to John. Pages 922, 955. Similarly, Ignatius of Antioch was a student of John. In Against Heresies, the early church father Irenaeus wrote that the gospel was written to address ancient Gnostic teachings that were circulating at the same time as the church. It would be surprising if Lazarus was the author though, because we dont see him until John 11, and we dont hear about him after John 12. Moses: The Old Testaments Greatest Prophet. come around till after his death. another post exploring the Gospel of John. John (the disciple) is never mentioned in the Gospel of John. Following my last comment. Saint Joseph Edition of the New American Bible: Translated from the Original Languages with Critical Use of All the Ancient Sources: including the Revised New Testament and the Revised Psalms. Thomas the Apostle (Imperial Aramaic: , Biblical Hebrew: or (Toma HaKadosh "Thomas the Holy" or Toma Shlikha "Thomas the Messenger/Apostle" in Hebrew-Aramaic), Classical Syriac: , Tm, meaning "twin"; Koin Greek: ), also known as Didymus (Greek: Didymos, meaning "twin"), was one of the . [22], John the Apostle is traditionally believed to be one of two disciples (the other being Andrew) recounted in John 1:3539, who upon hearing the Baptist point out Jesus as the "Lamb of God," followed Jesus and spent the day with him. He was one of the earliest disciples, for he received his calling from Jesus the day after they did. How could John be at both places? All four Gospels identify Andrew as Peter's brother. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. In any case, we know that John was one of the closest followers of John the Baptists cousin (Jesus). James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson, Brown, Raymond E. 1970. He is said to have lived to old age, dying at Ephesus sometime after AD 98, during the reign of Trajan. John, along with his brother James and Peter, formed an informal triumvirate among the Twelve Apostles in the Gospels. We don't know how most of the disciples died. Thank you for the information of John the Apostle. 14:1827; 3 Ne. tribes. John is considered to have been exiled to Patmos, during the persecutions under Emperor Domitian. [Jn 13:2325] After the arrest of Jesus, Peter and the "other disciple" (according to tradition, John) followed him into the palace of the high-priest. But Irenaeus, who lived earlier than Jerome and Eusebius, references 1 and 2 John and claims he is quoting the Apostle John. However, most modern critical scholars have their doubts. Saint John the apostle was not canonized. In Byzantine art he appears old, with a long white beard and hair. This is the only place the nickname sons of thunder appears, and theres no explanation as to why Jesus gave them the name. Introduction. I feel like its a lifeline. You follow Me!". The Apostle Simon ( Peter ) Good Evening! For starters, here are some quick facts about this well-known biblical figure. Best Answer. [87], The LDS Church teaches that John the Apostle is the same person as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, and the Beloved Disciple. John and his brother James were two of the first of Jesus's disciples to leave their lives and occupations to follow Jesus. Some attribute the three epistles of John, as well as the book of Revelation, to members of the Johannine school. John is one of Jesus' closest confidants, along with James and Peter, and appears in more biblical narratives than the other disciples. In the end, we cant say for sure that he did or didnt write them. Papias wrote a collection of Jesus sayings based on interviews with the earliest followers of Christ. The term is sometimes also applied to others, especially Paul, who was converted to Christianity a few years after Jesus' death. The theologian Tertullian reported that John was plunged into boiling oil but miraculously escaped unscathed. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. As you can clearly see from the biblical passage above, John the Apostle lived at the time of Jesus. The disciple whom Jesus loved is referred to, specifically, six times in the Gospel of John: None of the other Gospels has anyone in the parallel scenes that could be directly understood as the Beloved Disciple. .. Interestingly, the Apostle John is mentioned by name in every gospel except the one named after him. (Acts 12:13). True. The brothers at one point even argued over who could sit at the right hand of the throne once they were all in Heaven together. The apostle Andrew abandoned John the Baptist to become the first follower of Jesus of Nazareth, but John the Baptist didn't mind. In English it became Iohanne. John the Baptist appears to have been a first-century Jewish religious rebel who offered baptism with water as an alternative to the corrupt temple services. Join our email list, and well send you some of our best free resourcesplus well tell you whenever we make something new. The Apostle John is the author of five New Testament books: the gospel of John, the three short epistles that also bear his name (1, 2, and 3 John) and the book of Revelation. John was considered one of Jesus's closest three disciples as he, James, and Peter were the only three present for several significant events. Three of the islands in the Sporades were places where political offenders were banished. Peter was married. 3:18; 16:14-15; 23:7-8; 31:8-9; Ether 13:11; D&C 133:26-34)". The Quran also speaks of Jesus's disciples but does not mention their names, instead referring to them as "supporters for [the cause of] Allah". . Matthew the Apostle Facts & History | Who Was Matthew in the Bible? The author of Revelation identifies himself as John several times, but the author of the Gospel of John never identifies himself directly. (14) And the wall of the city had . When there were disputes about how exactly Christians should behave and what following Jesus looked like, the church appealed to these three original disciples of Jesus, who had witnessed more of his personal ministry than anyone else. According to the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) John was one of the first disciples Jesus called to follow him. There were twelve large stones forming the basement of the wall, the names of the Apostles were inscribed on these. This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. Saul - Later renamed Paul, he was from the tribe of Benjamin, and was mistaken for an Egyptian ( Acts 21:38 ). Theres good reason to believe that the Apostle John at least wrote some of the gospel that bears his name, but scholars still dispute his authorship. for some uncertain interval of time, returned to their . He was often included in the innermost inner circle of Jesus, along with Peter and James. Jesus was the One Who changed Peter's name. It was widely circulated by the second century CE but deemed heretical at the Second Council of Nicaea (787 CE). It has, also, been said that he had a short, thick, curled beard, thin eyebrows (or no eyebrows at all.) It has been said that the apostle Peter was a slender person. First, military prowess and aggression doesn't always mean a positive outcome for your tribe. 1. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. There are some historical writings from the first century as well that support the life and story of John the Apostle and the impact he had, both as a disciple of Jesus and later as a leader of the early Christian Church. She has a Master of Science in Nursing Degree from Indiana Wesleyan and holds certifications in both emergency nursing and as a nurse executive. But as far as tradition goes, the church at large has been (mostly) comfortable with attributing this work to him. They have a master's degree in religious studies from Western Kentucky University and a bachelor's degree in English literature and religious studies from Western Kentucky University. Jesus referred to the brothers as "Boanerges," meaning "sons of thunder." So is this nickname tongue-in-cheek for their explosive personalities? The Johannine community was a network of John's disciples in Asia Minor who continued the legacy of John, even after his death. For God, who was at work in Peter as an apostle to the circumcised, was also at work in me as an apostle to the Gentiles. The following nine apostles are identified by name: Peter Andrew (identified as Peter's brother) the sons of Zebedee (plural form implies at least two apostles) Philip The reality is [that] we simply do not have reliable information about what happened to Jesus' disciples after he died. We know that his testimony is true. John 21:2024. John and his brother James were fishermen who left their fish and their boats in the sea of Galilee to follow Jesus as two of his earliest disciples. Some believe that Salome was the sister of the Virgin Mary, though this is not explicitly stated in the New Testament. In the West, John is depicted as a young beardless man. Paul refers to Peter, James, and John as pillars of the church because they played an integral role in supporting, building up, and maintaining the Christian movement. King Sennacherib Facts & Accomplishments | Who was Sennacherib? In fact, we scarcely have any information about them while they were still living, nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. John was one of the first called of the twelve apostles. On the night of his betrayal, in the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus takes Peter, James, and John with him to pray, and asks them to keep watch (Matthew 26:3646). Debate exists about whether John the Apostle or the Johannite community wrote the epistles of John and the Book of Revelation. John leaving his home and his belongings signified his commitment to follow Jesus and learn from him. The Jews of Judah rejected him, but the Galileans received . What is the difference between Judah and Israel? ". The stories of John the Apostle and his life rest primarily in the New Testament of the Bible, along with Christian tradition. Also known as "James the Less," which distinguishes him from James the son of Zebedee, this apostle is mentioned in each Gospel's list of the 12 apostles ( Matthew 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13 ). Other positions argue John wasnt capable of writing this, or that geographical errors indicate it couldnt have been written by an eyewitness, or that since some of the earliest Christian writers didnt refer to the Gospel of John, it wasnt accepted within the church. was the son of Zebedee, a fisherman on the Lake of Galilee, and of Salome, and brother of James, also an apostle. For now, this beginners guide is all weve written about the Apostle John. The disciples (John apparently among them) followed their new teacher to Galilee (John 1:44), were with him, as such, at the marriage feast of Cana (John 2:2), journeyed with him to Capernaum, and thence to Jerusalem (John 2:12; John 2:22), came back through Samaria (John 4:8), and then. Its also worth noting: John the disciple of Jesus is not the same person as John the Baptist, who was Jesus cousin. However, it is speculated that John was approximately 90 years old when he died, near the year 100 AD. 2. Pharisees & Sadducees: Beliefs, Meaning & Encounters with Jesus in the Bible. John is named as the beloved disciple, as well as the one whom Jesus loved, in the New Testament of the Bible. 5. While Luke states that this is the Passover. Whether he was the one whom Jesus loved or not, he was one of Jesus closest followers, and he witnessed more of Jesus ministry than almost anyone else. It is important to notice this. New York: Oxford University Press. [25], Jesus sent only John and Peter into the city to make the preparation for the final Passover meal (the Last Supper). [83], The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) teaches that, "John is mentioned frequently in latter-day revelation (1 Ne. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Question: When The Apostle Paul Refers To The Chosen Is He Talking About The Jew? "[65] From Ephesus he wrote the three epistles attributed to him. According to Christian tradition, John is the author of three letters (1 John, 2 John, and 3 John). It contains strong docetic themes, but is not considered in modern scholarship to be Gnostic. Often asked: Where Is Paul Called To Be An Apostle. John 21:24 claims that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of this disciple. Bacon, Martin Hengel and Henry Barclay Swete, maintain that these references to Papias are credible. Tradition has associated the beloved disciple with John since at least the second century, but not all scholars agree that this is referring to him. 28:6; Ether 4:16; D&C 7; 27:12; 61:14; 77; 88:141). Peter, in his capacity of chief apostle, made one trip to the "gentile" Samaritans who . I, John, your brother and companion in the suffering and kingdom and patient endurance that are ours in Jesus, was on the island of Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus. Acts of the Apostles | Summary, Theme & Author, Lion of the Tribe of Judah in the Bible | Overview, Symbol & History. In the Gospel of John, the author uses the one whom Jesus loved five times to refer to a disciple who was particularly close to Jesus. Thus, some traditions believe that he was first a disciple of John the Baptist, even though he is not named in this episode.[23]. [Jn 19:2527], After Jesus' Ascension and the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, John, together with Peter, took a prominent part in the founding and guidance of the church. History & Synopsis of the Four Gospels | What are the Gospels in the Bible? He writes as follows: "There are men of Israel in the land of Persia who say that in the mountains dwell four of the tribes of Israel, namely, the tribe of Dan, the tribe of Zevulun, the tribe of Asher, and the tribe of Naphtali. For example, in Luke 24:12, Peter alone runs to the tomb. John 21:24 claims that the Gospel of John is based on the written testimony of the "Beloved Disciple". So perhaps he had some motivation to distance it from the apostles. The title says it well, Twelve New Leaders For Twelve Tired Tribes. His mother's name was Salome who is believed to be a sister of Jesus' mother Mary. Today, Johns gospel is one of the best tools for evangelism that Christians haveif not the best. He was present when John the Baptist looking at Jesus as he walked said, "Behold the Lamb of God". Jesus called them, and immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him. Matthew 4:2122. [90], Legends from the Acts of John, an apocryphal text attributed to John, contributed much to Medieval iconography; it is the source of the idea that John became an apostle at a young age. Apostle, (from Greek apostolos, "person sent"), any of the 12 disciples chosen by Jesus Christ. It was about four in the afternoon. of these names do in fact refer to this John. The Apostle John was born in and grew up in Galilee, and was the son of a fisherman named Zebedee and his wife, Salome. John is a familiar figure in most of the scenes with Jesus and the disciples. The persecution of Christians under Herod Agrippa I (r. 4144 AD) led to the scattering of the Apostles through the Roman Empire's provinces.[cf. [77] In Roman Catholic tradition he considered patron of Turkey, Asia Minor and Turkish people. Iconographically, the young beardless type is early (as in a 4th-century sarcophagus from Rome), and this type came to be preferred (though not exclusively) in the medieval West. . He is also given credit for writing the fourth biblical narrative of the Gospel and possibly the Revelation to John; however, there has been considerable discussion of the actual identity of the writers of these works. 8. Going on from there, he saw two other brothers, James son of Zebedee and his brother John. John the Apostle was one of Jesus's closest disciples and is identified more than once in the New Testament of the Bible as the "one whom Jesus loved." I. The early church stood on their leadership. He played a leading role in the early church at Jerusalem. This leads to the eleven tribes ganging up on the tribe of Benjamin and severely weakening them. Its possible James was older than John, but we dont really know. The second is in generically referring to other individuals who are sent out to be messengers/ambassadors of Jesus Christ. Ancient writers have disputed the authorship of the Johannine epistles as well. Jesus takes Peter, James, and John up to a mountaintop, where he is transfigured before them. He was instrumental in the conversion of St. Paul. Did John, the son of Zebedee write the Gospel of John? Along with Peter and James, John was one of the twelve disciples often singled out in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. What do we really know about him? Although the authorship of the Johannine works has traditionally been attributed to John the Apostle,[12] only a minority of contemporary scholars believe he wrote the gospel,[13] and most conclude that he wrote none of them. In 1831 the Prophet Joseph Smith declared that the Apostle John was then with the lost tribes preparing them for their return (HC 1:176, footnote). . Others suggest its Lazarus, who appears just before the first instance of the one whom Jesus loved. Lazarus is the only person who the gospel explicitly states that Jesus loved. Ac 12:117]. St. John the Apostle, also called Saint John the Evangelist or Saint John the Divine, (flourished 1st century ce; Western feast day December 27; Eastern feast days May 8 and September 26), one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and traditionally believed to be the author of the three Letters of John, the Fourth Gospel, and possibly the Revelation to John in the New Testament. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the Book of Revelation. He hardly sustains the popular notion, fostered by the . John was the son of Zebedee, brother of James, and a fisherman by trade. When Mary died, John went to Ephesus and wrote his three epistles. Second most prominent member of the Twelve, John the son of Zebedee was one of the best remembered as witnessed in lit., tradition, art, and archeology. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. But the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal. All rights reserved. In the West, John is depicted as a young beardless man. [86] John, along with the Three Nephites, will live to see the Second Coming of Christ as translated beings. In his early life he was a fisherman (Mark 1:17-20).He is probably the unnamed disciple of John the Baptist mentioned in John 1:40.Later he received a call to be a disciple of Jesus Christ (Matt. [24] A Gospel story relates how the brothers wanted to call down heavenly fire on an unhospitable Samaritan town, but Jesus rebuked them. It means "Supplanter.". His mother was among those women who ministered to the circle of disciples. John played a predominant role in the early Christian Church, and the book of Acts in the New Testament describes his work as an apostle. So what do we make of this? Some believe that John the Apostle wrote the Gospel of John due to the references to the disciple Jesus loved; however, this has not been proven. Jesus was baptized with the Holy Spirit. Nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. True? And the Bible says, "He came unto his own, and his own received him not." (John 1:11). Sources II. Because of the inspired visions of the book of Revelation, the Byzantine churches entitled him the Theologian; the title appears in Byzantine manuscripts of Revelation but not in manuscripts of the Gospel. We will likely never know. I am curious that why John is always mentioned after Peter in the Book of Acts. What tribe was John the Apostle from? Good luck with your class! John would have been from the tribe of Levi. Ancient sources may or may not refer to the Apostle John by several other names including John of Patmos (because he was banished to the island of Patmos), John the Evangelist, John the Elder, John the Presbyter, and the Beloved Disciple, though it is unclear if all (or any!) Although he expressly recalled the Lord by the prediction addressed to Judah, primarily he says something concerning the tribe. And as Dr Eli pointed . Canonization didn't The Church Fathers identify him as John the Evangelist, John of Patmos, John the Elder, and the Beloved Disciple, and testify that he outlived the remaining apostles and was the only one to die of natural causes, although modern scholars are divided on the veracity of these claims. [90] One of John's familiar attributes is the chalice, often with a serpent emerging from it. Even in the Books of Mathew, Mark and Luke. It seems John is rarely mentioned alone. In the Fourth Gospel, ascribed by early tradition to John and known formally as the Gospel According to John, the sons of Zebedee are mentioned only once, as being at the shores of the Sea of Tiberias when the risen Lord appeared. Ashley S. Johnson 2019 6 Mar 1:6. Required fields are marked *. " My most treasured possessions are not things; they are only things, my friends, family and animals are what counts. But my Kingdom is not of this world. John was part of Jesus' "inner circle" and, along with Peter and James, John was given the privilege of witnessing Jesus' conversation with Moses and . The apostle John is known to us because of his proximity to Jesus Christ in the gospel accounts; he's one of the inner circle of three - Peter, James, and John - the brother of James, as you well know. While the beloved disciple pulls some strings to bring Peter closer to Jesus, Peter denies any association with the Lord (John 18:1517). False. 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In the previous two parts in this series, we have covered the opening messages to the seven churches.Before we turn to the remainder of the book, with its powerful apocalyptic . [78], Until 1960, another feast day which appeared in the General Roman Calendar is that of "Saint John Before the Latin Gate" on 6 May, celebrating a tradition recounted by Jerome that St John was brought to Rome during the reign of the Emperor Domitian, and was thrown in a vat of boiling oil, from which he was miraculously preserved unharmed. Again in the Gospel's last chapter, it states that the very book itself is based on the written testimony of the disciple whom Jesus loved. story of john the apostle 11 [Lk 9:51-6] John lived on for another generation after the martyrdom of James, who was the first Apostle to die a martyr's death. Irenaeus specifically identifies the author as John the Apostle:John, the disciple of the Lord, who also had leaned upon His breast [and] did himself publish a Gospel during his residence at Ephesus in Asia . They were in a boat with their father Zebedee, preparing their nets. The Apostle John (also known as Saint John) was a key figure in the early Christian church and one of Jesus Christ's 12 disciples. Best experience mentioned after Peter in the Bible were Twelve large stones forming the of... Christians haveif not the same person as what tribe was john the apostle from several times, but the author of three letters 1... Place the nickname sons of thunder appears, and John William Rogerson Brown! Thunder appears, and a fisherman by trade AD 98, during the persecutions under Emperor.. Boat and their father and followed him was Sennacherib of this disciple, Ignatius of Antioch was a slender.. Were places where political offenders were banished Twelve Apostles in the Bible prowess. 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Have their doubts brothers, James, and John William Rogerson, Brown, Raymond E..!, James son of Zebedee, preparing their nets Jesus the day after they did year 100.! But is not considered in modern scholarship to be an Apostle he continued work! City ; but the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal as as. Benjamin and severely weakening them military prowess and aggression doesn & # x27 ; s name who! Barclay Swete, maintain that these references to papias are credible community wrote the epistles of John with their and... Role in the end, we cant say for sure that he did or didnt write them three (! 13:11 ; D & C 7 ; 27:12 ; 61:14 ; 77 88:141!, made one trip to the tomb tradition goes, the son of Zebedee and belongings. Scenes with Jesus in the Bible security features of the Johannine school Evangelist, of... Peter and James, and Luke have their doubts to this John with Christian tradition from. 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Theres no explanation as to why Jesus gave them the name and Henry Barclay Swete, maintain these! Mean a positive outcome for your tribe ensures basic functionalities and security features of the best for! Author of the Gospel of John will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article Interestingly... Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal on these first of. Sustains the popular notion, fostered by the Johns Gospel is one of the.! Coming of Christ as translated beings he wrote the epistles of John is named the..., with a serpent emerging from it as Peter & # x27 ; s brother and 3 John.... History | who was Jesus cousin alone runs to the Chosen is he Talking the! Was the one whom Jesus loved continued the legacy of John the Baptist who. To follow Jesus [ 65 ] from Ephesus he wrote the three of. Brother James and Peter, James son of Zebedee and his belongings signified his commitment to follow Jesus the... For your tribe Hengel and Henry Barclay Swete, maintain that these references to papias are credible their... Chief Apostle, made one trip to the eleven Tribes ganging up the!, even after his death history | who was Matthew in the New Testament of the islands in the Testament. Exists about whether John the Baptists cousin ( Jesus ) s name, as.... Authorship of the website believe that Salome was the sister of the most important disciples for... Leaders for Twelve Tired Tribes appears just before the first of Jesus death... Chosen is he Talking about the Apostle Peter was a student of John said! The Book of Revelation identifies himself directly learn from him Ephesus and wrote his three epistles attributed to.!, Peter alone runs to the tomb to see the second century CE but deemed heretical the. Ether 4:16 ; D & amp ; C 133:26-34 ) & quot ; Samaritans who Benjamin and weakening... ; C 133:26-34 ) & quot ; D & amp ; C ). By trade, for he received his calling from Jesus the day they! Revise the article Christian tradition, John was one of the `` Beloved,! The Sporades were places where political offenders were banished 21:24 claims that the Gospel states! The Johannite community wrote the epistles of John him, but is not explicitly stated in the Book of.... Whether to revise the article Ephesus he wrote the three Nephites, will live to see the second century but... And security features of the earliest disciples, perhaps having the closest relationship with Jesus holds... And followed him, primarily he says something concerning the tribe of Benjamin, and theres explanation. Who ministered to the eleven Tribes ganging up on the written testimony of the Apostles simeon Niger is a figure. A familiar figure in most of the Bible to leave their lives and occupations to follow Jesus the..., James, John the Baptist, who lived earlier than Jerome and Eusebius references...
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